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If you have chipped off just a small piece of tooth enamel, your dentist may repair the damage with a filling. If the repair is to a front tooth or can be seen when you smile, your dentist will likely use a procedure called bonding, which uses a tooth-colored composite resin. Bonding is a simple procedure that typically does not require numbing the tooth. To bond a tooth, the dentist first etches its surface with a liquid to roughen it and make the bonding material adhere to it. Next, the dentist applies an adhesive material to the tooth, followed by the bonding material. After shaping the bonding material to look like a natural tooth, the dentist uses an ultraviolet light to harden the material.

What is a dental crown?
Also called caps, dental crowns are tooth-shaped covers dentist place over a damaged or decayed tooth. Crowns can help when a filling can’t strengthen or fill enough of your tooth to make it viable. When used to cover misshapen or badly discolored teeth, dental crowns also help improve your appearance. Crowns made of all metal or porcelain fused to metal are strong and are a good choice for back teeth.
Crowns made of all ceramic and those made of porcelain fused to metal look like your regular teeth, making them a better choice for your front teeth.

What is a dental bridge (fixed partial denture)?
A dental bridge is a device dentists use when you’re missing one or more teeth.
Bridges help eliminate rotation and shifting of the teeth surrounding your gap.
When you have missing teeth, the chances of having gum disease and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders may also increase. Bridges reduce that risk, too.

Tooth extraction means pulling out a specific tooth. There are a number of reasons for tooth extractions. Some major reasons for the tooth extractions are tooth decay, tooth damage or some tooth alignment purposes. The major steps in the tooth extractions are as follows:

1. First of all, your dentist numb nearby area using some anesthetic injection. After this injection, the patient doesn’t feel any pain regarding the whole surgical tooth extraction process.
2. Then dentist cut down the gum and bone tissue to detach them from the tooth and gently pull out the tooth.
3. Then a gauze pad is used to stop the bleeding.
4. Then an ice is applied to the affected area to prevent the swelling.
5. Then dentist gives you some painkillers and prescribe you some tooth extraction aftercare.

A denture is a removable replacement for missing teeth and adjacent tissues. It is made of acrylic resin or a combination with various metals.
A complete denture replaces all the teeth, while a partial denture fills in the spaces created by missing teeth and prevents other teeth from changing position.
Why use Dentures?
It is very important to replace missing teeth. The ill-effects of not doing so can be a shift in the remaining teeth, an inability to bite and chew properly, as well as a sagging facial appearance, which makes one appear older.
The beauty of dentures today is that they are designed to be comfortable and functional. They are very similar in appearance to natural teeth and can improve a smile or facial appearance.
What are the Types of Dentures?
There are three basic types of dentures, which are:
• Partial dentures
• Full dentures
• Implant-supported dentures
• Removable partial denturesThese fill in the spaces created by missing teeth, resting partly on the gums and partly on the remaining teeth. Removable partial dentures may be attached to your natural teeth with metal clasps or devices called precision attachments. They include:
• Acrylic partial dentures
• Metal frame partial dentures
• Removable complete dentures

Orthodontics is a special branch of dental therapy associated with the diagnosis and treatment of deformities related to the teeth, face, and jaws. Individuals trained to correct these problems are called orthodontists. Orthodontists help in improving the function of teeth, maintaining good dental health and providing aesthetic appeal to your smile. Orthodontic therapy can be successfully provided to individuals of any age.
Indications for Orthodontics
A variety of dental problems can be resolved with orthodontic treatment. They include:
• Overcrowding of teeth
• Misalignment of the dental arches
• Bite correction (overbite, protruding upper jaw, and underbite, protruding lower jaw)
• Cosmetic-related dental issues
• Dental therapies such as application of crowns, bridges or implants
• Problems with tooth eruption and displacement
• Teeth spacing or gaps between the teeth

To decide if you need orthodontic treatment, your orthodontist will enquire about your complete dental medical history, conduct a clinical examination and order X-rays or photographs of your oral cavity. Based on the need, your dentist will then recommend a suitable treatment plan. Orthodontic treatment includes different types of appliances that can be fixed for a certain period or removed on a daily basis. Your orthodontic specialist will suggest specific treatment based on the severity of your condition.
Treatments with fixed appliances include:
• Braces for teeth positioning
• Special fixed appliances to control thumb sucking
• Space maintainers to keep the space of a missing tooth open until the permanent tooth erupts
Treatments with removable appliances include:
• Aligners, an alternative for braces
• Removable space maintainers
• Jaw repositioning of the jaw to close in a proper position
• Lip and cheek bumpers to keep lips and cheeks away from the teeth
• A palatal expander widens the arch of the upper jaw
• Retainers prevent teeth from returning to the previous position
• Headgear prevents the growth of the upper jaw and pulls back the front teeth

What is Root Canal Treatment?

Root canal treatment involves the saving of a tooth that is decayed and otherwise would die and have to be removed.
In order to save the tooth, the pulp (the living tissue inside the tooth), nerves, bacteria, and decayed material are removed, and the resulting space is filled with special medicated dental materials, which restore the tooth to its full function.

Why is it Required?

Root canal treatment is needed when the nerve of a tooth is affected by decay or infection. Many patients believe that removing a tooth that has problems is the solution, but what is not realised is that extracting (pulling) a tooth will ultimately be more costly and cause significant problems for adjacent teeth.
Root canal treatment, if followed by placement of a crown, is highly successful and usually lasts a lifetime, although, on occasions, a tooth will have to be re-treated due to new infections.

Signs and Symptoms for Possible Root Canal Treatment
• An abscess (or pimple) on the gums
• Sensitivity to hot and cold
• Severe toothache or pain
• Swelling and/or tenderness
Indications for Root Canal Treatment
• Decay that has reached the tooth pulp (the living tissue inside the tooth)
• Infection or abscess that has developed inside the tooth or at the root tip
• Injury or trauma to the tooth such as a crack in the tooth